Sprzeczność korzyści z przedmiotem i celem przepisu ustawy podatkowej jako przesłanka stosowania klauzuli ogólnej przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania

Tax benefit being contrary to the object and purpose of the applicable provision of the law as prerequisite for Polish GAAR application

Author:

Mikołaj Kondej

Streszczenie:

W artykule omówiono przesłankę stosowania klauzuli ogólnej przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, którą pozostaje sprzeczność korzyści podatkowej z przedmiotem i celem ustawy podatkowej. Wskazano w nim, iż celem klauzuli pozostaje umożliwienie organom podatkowym wyjścia poza możliwe językowe rozumienie tekstu prawnego (przekroczenie granicy językowej wykładni) w celu opodatkowania sztucznych działań podatnika pozwalających mu na uzyskanie nieuzasadnionej korzyści podatkowej.   

Summary

The article discusses one of the conditions required for application of polish general anti avoidance rule (GAAR), which is obtaining a tax benefit that is contrary to the object, or purpose of the applicable provision of the tax law. Author points out to that aim of the polish GAAR is allowing the tax authorities to derive tax consequences from the spirit of the law, rather that the law wording, in case artificial tax payer action results in unjustified tax benefit.  

Słowa kluczowe:

klauzula przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, wykładnia celowościowa, cel przepisu, przedmiot przepisu, korzyść podatkowa, unikanie opodatkowania, sprzeczność z przedmiotem i celem przepisu ustawy podatkowej

Key words:

general anti avoidance rule, GAAR, teleological interpretation, aim of the regulation, object of the regulation, tax benefit, tax avoidance, tax benefit contrary to the object or purpose of the applicable provision of the tax law

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Środki nadzoru nad hurtowym obrotem produktami energetycznymi („REMIT”)

Monitoring instruments on the wholesale energy markets (“REMIT”)

Author:

Oskar Skibiński

Streszczenie

Artykuł dotyczy analizy wybranych instrumentów nadzorczych przewidzianych w rozporządzeniu Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 1227/2011 z dnia 25 października 2011 r. w sprawie integralności i przejrzystości hurtowego rynku energii oraz innych regulacjach krajowych przez wzgląd na konieczność zapewnienia ich egzekwowalności oraz sankcjonowania ewentualnych naruszeń uczestników rynku. Analizę wzbogacono porównaniem przedmiotowych instrumentów z tymi, które stosuje się obecnie w stosunku do uczestników rynku kapitałowego, co doprowadziło do wskazania obszarów wymagających interwencji prawodawcy europejskiego. Dotyczą one m.in. obowiązków rejestracyjnych oraz informacyjnych, praktyki gromadzenia danych czy sankcji stosowanych w przypadku naruszenia.

Summary

The article is devoted to a analysis of selected monitoring instruments, which has fostering or weakening effect on the confidence in the wholesale electricity and gas markets. The author analyzes the Regulation (EU) no 1227/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency and other domestic regulations in order to identify these instruments from the perspective of enforcement and sanctioning of possible violations of market participants. The author compare given results with established monitoring practices on capital markets. The result of this comparison can be considered as a guide in the context of reshaping the actual monitoring practices on the wholesale energy markets in the most efficient way, especially in registration and information obligations, data collection practices and penalties applicable to infigements.

Słowa kluczowe

rozporządzenie REMIT,  rynek energii, nadzór, sankcje, kontrola, regulacja

Key words

REMIT, wholesale energy markets, monitoring, sanctions, regulation

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Posted in Law

Udostępnianie broni i amunicji przez jej właściciela osobom trzecim, na gruncie ustawy o broni i amunicji

Udostępnianie broni i amunicji przez jej właściciela osobom trzecim, na gruncie ustawy o broni i amunicji

Lending of weapons and amunition by owner to thir parties on ground of polish weapons and ammunition act

Streszczenie
Publikację poświęcono wyjaśnieniu problematyki prawnej związanej z dopuszczalnym zakresem udostępniania broni i amunicji osobom trzecim przez jej właściciela. Artykuł stanowi omówienie przepisów ustawy o broni i amunicji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem art. 28.

Summary
The aim of the article is to present rules of lending of weapons and ammunition by their owners to third parties. Articles presents regulation of polish act on weapons and ammunition, in particular article 28.

Słowa kluczowe
Użyczenie broni, ustawa o broni i amunicji

Key words
Weapons lending, act on weapons and ammunition

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Posted in Law

Pro-state social philosophy in the works of Dante

Pro-state social philosophy in the works of Dante

Author:

Juliusz Iwanicki

Summary:

The article examines the social work of Dante. The most important works of Dante in the area of social philosophy was a Monarchy, and The Banquet. The most important works of Dante in the area of social philosophy was a monarchy, and sitting. Dante uses various arguments in favor of a secular government legitimize the ruler. He goes back to the philosophical tradition (especially Aristotle), but also to biblical exegesis. Dante is convinced that in a world ruled by a righteous monarch, there would be undisturbed peace and social order. It also notes that once already existed in the history of this situation – in Roman times, which is the main model for the Italian philosopher and artist.

Keywords:

Dante, Dante’s work, Monarchy, Roman Empire, righteous ruler, social peace

Full text:

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Selected causes of lone parenthood in Poland – social analysis

Selected causes of lone parenthood in Poland – social analysis

Author:

Beata Krystkowiak and Juliusz Iwanicki

Summary:

The article examines the problem of the lone parenthood in the Poland. Authors present here a historical outline of the studied phenomen in terms of social and educational sciences
Following the scientific literature, authors show few reasons of the lone parenthood  One reason is alcoholism in the family. Social problem of alcoholism in the text is extensively analyzed. Another social problem that leads to family breakdown, are divorces  The reason may also be accompanied by domestic violence. Scientific understanding of this situation likely to lead to diagnoses, to prevent the debilitating social pathologies and family in Poland.

Keywords:

lone parenthood, alcoholism, divorces, violence, family, polish society

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Thin capitalization in Polish tax law

Thin capitalization in Polish tax law

Author:

Mikołaj Kondej

Summary:

Author in his article describes thin capitalization issues in Polish tax law. Publication covers situations in which interest from loans granted by shareholder may not be treated as tax deductible item. Rulings of Directors of Tax Chambers as well as Court Rulings are quoted so as to clarify the disputed issues. At the end of the article author presents ways of avoiding limitations imposed by thin capitalization.

Keywords:

thin capitalization, interest, intercompany, loans, tax, tax law, CIT, corporate income tax

Full text:

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Consumer rights – new tendencies Considerations about directive 2011/83/UE

Consumer rights – new tendencies  Considerations about directive 2011/83/UE

Author:

Anna Wilińska-Zelek

Summary:

The article implicates some deliberations about the Directive 2011/83/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. After its entry into force, the Member States shall have two years to implement the Directive’s provisions into their national law. The success of the directive would depend on the ability and willingness of EU nations to assimilate it into their national legislation.

Key words:

consumer rights, Directive 2011/83/EU, harmonization, distance contracts, off-permises contarcts, withdrawal

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The golden era of populism. Analysis of a political phenomenon.

The golden era of populism. Analysis of a political phenomenon.

Author:

Piotr Andrzejewski

Summary:

The article deals with the phenomenon of political populism in which the author tries to find a scientific definition of populism. The author describes the connections of populism with radical right-winged parties and shows their origins. The author also notices a new quality in European politics – the leftist populism that appeared on the political stage after the financial crisis o 2008.

Key words:

populism, radical right, Joerg Haider, Janusz Palikot

Full text:

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Motion for ban on conducting economic activity or on serving as a member of supervisory board, representative or proxy of a commercial company or partnership, state enterprise, cooperative, foundation or association in Polish insolvency law.

Motion for ban on conducting economic activity or on serving as a member of supervisory board, representative or proxy of a commercial company or partnership, state enterprise, cooperative, foundation or association in Polish insolvency law.

Author:

Mikołaj Kondej

Summary

In article author presents the institution of ban on conducting economic activity or on serving as a member of supervisory board, representative or proxy of a commercial company or partnership, state enterprise, cooperative, foundation or association. The legal grounds for adjudicating the ban are presented as well as circumstances in which that sanction may be imposed and entities that are allowed to file motion for a ban. At the end of article author presents some de lege ferenda conclusions.

Key words:

bankruptcy, insolvency, ban on economic activity, economic sanctions, civil law, poland, polish law, ban on serving as a member of board

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